芸香 = 橘子

FDA核准上市

1999.10.27

1999.7.26

neuraminidase inhibitor

antiviral drug

Dosage form

Oral

Inhalation (diskhaler)

75 mg /cap

5 mg/inhalation

Indication

• Avian influenza
• Influenza, Viruses Types A and B

• Avian influenza
• Influenza, Viruses Types A and B

Dose

Avian influenza

① 治療：75 mg BID × 5 days
(若發生嚴重肺炎可以150 mg × 10 days)

② 預防：75 mg QD × 7~10 days

Influenza, Viruses Types A and B

① 治療：75 mg BID × 5 days

② 預防：75 mg QD × 10 days (~ 6 weeks)

Avian influenza

① 治療：10 mg (× 2 inhalation) BID × 7~10 days

② 預防：10 mg (× 2 inhalation) QD × 7~10 days

Influenza, Viruses Types A and B

① 治療：day 1=> 10 mg Q2H,then Q12H × 5 days

② 預防：家裡照護 10 mg QD × 10 days

③ community setting 10 mg QD × 28 days

Dose adjustment

renal failure

• ① 治療：CrCl 10-30 mL/min, 75 mg QD
• ② 預防：CrCl 10-30 mL/min, 75 mg QOD

none

Contraindication

hypersensitivity to oseltamivir phosphate or any other component of the product

hypersensitivity to zanamivir or any component of the product including lactose (milk proteins)

Precaution

① 使用可能出現譫妄或行為異常，尤其是幼兒

② 若要使用LAIV，合併zanamivir，須於使用zanamivir前2週接種或是於之後48小時接種。

③ skin reactions, serious

• 使用可能出現譫妄或行為異常，尤其是幼兒 
• airway disease: asthma or COPD
  不建議用於有嚴重支氣管痙攣的病患，致死性 
• allergic reactions
• 若要使用LAIV，合併zanamivir，須於使用zanamivir前2週接種或是於之後48小時接種。
  (LAIV): intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine

孕級：

C

C

Adverse effects

常見：

① Abdominal pain (2% to 5% ), Nausea (4% to 10% ), Vomiting (2% to 15% )

② 失眠

③ 支氣管炎

嚴重：

① Cardiac dysrhythmia

② Erythema multiforme (rare ), Facial swelling, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (rare ), Toxic epidermal necrolysis (rare )

③ Hepatitis

④ Seizure

⑤ Abnormal behavior, Delirium

常見：

① 關節疼痛(< 1.5 %)、急性RA

② 昏沉困倦(1~2 %)

③ Cough (小孩16 % )

④ Nasal symptom (小孩20 % )

⑤ 喉嚨痛

⑥ 腹瀉

⑦ 頭痛

嚴重：

① Seizure

② Cardiac dysrhythmia

③ Facial edema, Rash, Urticaria

④ Abnormal behavior, Delirium

⑤ Bronchospasm

⑥ Respiratory depression, Respiratory distress

Monitor

• Fever
• 症狀改善否

• Fever
• 症狀改善否
• 呼吸功能，尤其是有呼吸道疾患者

注意

2009:  H1N1 influenza 100 % 抗藥性